EventsToTimeRange

EventsToTimeRange

Bases: Node

EventsToTimeRange converts individual code events into time ranges with start and end dates.

This derived table takes a codelist (e.g. medication prescriptions) and creates a time range for each event. The start date is the event date, and the end date is calculated by adding a specified number of days to the start date. Adjacent or overlapping periods are combined into single continuous periods.

This is particularly useful for identifying medication discontinuation when only prescription dates (not durations) are available. For example, discontinuation may be defined as a gap of ≥180 days between prescriptions.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
domain	str	The source domain containing event data.	required
codelist	Codelist	The codelist used to filter events.	required
max_days	Value	A Value filter (like LessThan or LessThanOrEqualTo) specifying the number of days to add to each event date to create the end date.	required
name		Optional name for the derived table.	required

Attributes:

Name	Type	Description
domain		The domain of events to process.
codelist		The codelist used for filtering events.
max_days		The number of days to add to each event date.

Examples:

Identifying medication discontinuation

from phenex.derived_tables import EventsToTimeRange
from phenex.phenotypes import TimeRangePhenotype
from phenex.codelists import Codelist
from phenex.filters.value import LessThanOrEqualTo
from phenex.filters import RelativeTimeRangeFilter

# Create a derived table for medication coverage periods
et_codelist = Codelist(["RX12345", "RX12346"])
derived_table = EventsToTimeRange(
    name = 'ET_USAGE',
    domain = 'DRUG_EXPOSURE',
    codelist = et_codelist,
    max_days = LessThanOrEqualTo(180)
)

# Return the persons that discontinue post index
# EVENT_DATE column will be the date of discontinuation
# VALUE will be the number of days from index to discontinuation date
pt_et_discontinuation = TimeRangePhenotype(
    domain = 'ET_USAGE',
    relative_time_range = RelativeTimeRangeFilter(
        when = 'after',
    )
)

# Execute the derived table with your data
et_periods = derived_table.execute(tables)

Source code in phenex/derived_tables/events_to_time_range.py

class EventsToTimeRange(Node):
    """
    EventsToTimeRange converts individual code events into time ranges with start and end dates.

    This derived table takes a codelist (e.g. medication prescriptions) and creates a
    time range for each event. The start date is the event date, and the end date is calculated
    by adding a specified number of days to the start date. Adjacent or overlapping periods are
    combined into single continuous periods.

    This is particularly useful for identifying medication discontinuation when only prescription
    dates (not durations) are available. For example, discontinuation may be defined as a gap of
    ≥180 days between prescriptions.

    Parameters:
        domain: The source domain containing event data.
        codelist: The codelist used to filter events.
        max_days: A Value filter (like LessThan or LessThanOrEqualTo) specifying the number of days
                  to add to each event date to create the end date.
        name: Optional name for the derived table.

    Attributes:
        domain: The domain of events to process.
        codelist: The codelist used for filtering events.
        max_days: The number of days to add to each event date.

    Examples:

    Example: Identifying medication discontinuation
        ```python
        from phenex.derived_tables import EventsToTimeRange
        from phenex.phenotypes import TimeRangePhenotype
        from phenex.codelists import Codelist
        from phenex.filters.value import LessThanOrEqualTo
        from phenex.filters import RelativeTimeRangeFilter

        # Create a derived table for medication coverage periods
        et_codelist = Codelist(["RX12345", "RX12346"])
        derived_table = EventsToTimeRange(
            name = 'ET_USAGE',
            domain = 'DRUG_EXPOSURE',
            codelist = et_codelist,
            max_days = LessThanOrEqualTo(180)
        )

        # Return the persons that discontinue post index
        # EVENT_DATE column will be the date of discontinuation
        # VALUE will be the number of days from index to discontinuation date
        pt_et_discontinuation = TimeRangePhenotype(
            domain = 'ET_USAGE',
            relative_time_range = RelativeTimeRangeFilter(
                when = 'after',
            )
        )

        # Execute the derived table with your data
        et_periods = derived_table.execute(tables)
        ```
    """

    def __init__(self, domain: str, codelist: "Codelist", max_days: "Value", **kwargs):
        self.domain = domain
        self.codelist_filter = CodelistFilter(codelist)
        self.codelist = codelist

        assert max_days.operator in [
            "<",
            "<=",
        ], f"max_days operator must be < or <=, not {max_days.operator}"
        self.max_days = max_days
        super(EventsToTimeRange, self).__init__(**kwargs)

    def _execute(
        self,
        tables: Dict[str, Table],
    ) -> "Table":
        table = tables[self.domain]
        table = self._perform_codelist_filtering(table)
        table = self._create_start_end_date_table(table)
        table = self._combine_overlapping_periods(table)
        return table

    def _perform_codelist_filtering(self, table):
        """
        Filter source table to codelist events of interest i.e. drug x events only

        Returns:
            Source DataFrame with all original columns:
        """
        assert is_phenex_code_table(table)
        table = self.codelist_filter.filter(table)
        return table

    def _create_start_end_date_table(self, table):
        """
        Create start and end date columns for the events. Start date is the codelist event, end date is the start date plus max_days.

        Returns:
            Table with three columns
            PERSON_ID
            START_DATE : the codelist EVENT_DATE
            END_DATE : START_DATE + max_days
        """
        table = table.select("PERSON_ID", "EVENT_DATE")
        table = table.mutate(START_DATE=table.EVENT_DATE)
        if self.max_days.operator == "<":
            days_to_add = self.max_days.value - 1
            table = table.mutate(
                END_DATE=table.START_DATE + ibis.interval(days=days_to_add)
            )
        else:
            days_to_add = self.max_days.value
            table = table.mutate(
                END_DATE=table.START_DATE + ibis.interval(days=days_to_add)
            )
        return table

    def _combine_overlapping_periods(self, table):
        """
        Combine all overlapping and consecutive periods

        Returns:
            Table with three columns with consecutive and overlapping periods combined into single time ranges
            PERSON_ID
            START_DATE : the codelist EVENT_DATE
            END_DATE : START_DATE + max_days
        """
        cop = CombineOverlappingPeriods(domain="_")
        table = cop.execute(tables={"_": table})
        return table

dependencies property

Recursively collect all dependencies of a node (including dependencies of dependencies).

Returns:

Type	Description
Set[Node]	List[Node]: A list of Node objects on which this Node depends.

dependency_graph property

Build a dependency graph where each node maps to its direct dependencies (children).

Returns:

Type	Description
Dict[Node, Set[Node]]	Dict[Node, Set[Node]: A mapping of Node's to their children Node's.

execution_metadata property

Retrieve the full execution metadata row for this node from the local DuckDB database.

Returns:

Type	Description
	pandas.DataFrame: A table containing NODE_NAME, NODE_HASH, NODE_PARAMS, EXECUTION_PARAMS, EXECUTION_START_TIME, EXECUTION_END_TIME, and EXECUTION_DURATION for execution of this node, or None if the node has never been executed.

reverse_dependency_graph property

Build a reverse dependency graph where each node maps to nodes that depend on it (parents).

Returns:

Type	Description
Dict[Node, Set[Node]]	Dict[Node, List[Node]: A mapping of Node's to their parent Node's.

clear_cache(con=None, recursive=False)

Clear the cached state for this node, forcing re-execution on the next call to execute().

This method removes the node's hash from the node states table and optionally drops the materialized table from the database. After calling this method, the node will be treated as if it has never been executed before.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
con	Optional[object]	Database connector. If provided, clears only runs with matching execution context and drops the materialized table. If None, clears all runs for the node.	None
recursive	bool	If True, also clear the cache for all child nodes recursively. Defaults to False.	False

Example

# Clear all cached runs for a single node
my_node.clear_cache()

# Clear runs with specific execution context and drop materialized table
my_node.clear_cache(con=my_connector)

# Clear cache for node and all its dependencies
my_node.clear_cache(recursive=True)

Source code in phenex/node.py

def clear_cache(self, con: Optional[object] = None, recursive: bool = False):
    """
    Clear the cached state for this node, forcing re-execution on the next call to execute().

    This method removes the node's hash from the node states table and optionally drops the materialized table from the database. After calling this method, the node will be treated as if it has never been executed before.

    Parameters:
        con: Database connector. If provided, clears only runs with matching execution context and drops the materialized table. If None, clears all runs for the node.
        recursive: If True, also clear the cache for all child nodes recursively. Defaults to False.

    Example:
        ```python
        # Clear all cached runs for a single node
        my_node.clear_cache()

        # Clear runs with specific execution context and drop materialized table
        my_node.clear_cache(con=my_connector)

        # Clear cache for node and all its dependencies
        my_node.clear_cache(recursive=True)
        ```
    """
    # Delegate all logic to NodeManager
    return Node._node_manager.clear_cache(self, con=con, recursive=recursive)

execute(tables=None, con=None, overwrite=False, lazy_execution=False, n_threads=1)

Executes the Node computation for the current node and its dependencies.

Lazy Execution

When lazy_execution=True, nodes are only recomputed if changes are detected. The system tracks: 1. Node definition changes: Detected by hashing the node's parameters (from to_dict()) and class name 2. Execution environment changes: Detected by tracking source/destination database configurations

A node will be rerun if either: - The node's defining parameters have changed (different hash than last execution) - The database connector's source or destination databases have changed - The node has never been executed before

If no changes are detected, the node uses its cached result from the database instead of recomputing.

Requirements for lazy execution: - A database connector (con) must be provided to store and retrieve cached results - overwrite=True must be set to allow updating existing cached tables

State tracking is maintained in a local DuckDB database (__PHENEX_META__NODE_STATES table) that stores: - Node hashes, parameters, and execution metadata - Database connector configuration used during execution - Execution timing information

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
tables	Dict[str, Table]	A dictionary mapping domains to Table objects.	None
con	Optional[object]	Connection to database for materializing outputs. If provided, outputs from the node and all children nodes will be materialized (written) to the database using the connector. Required for lazy_execution.	None
overwrite	bool	If True, will overwrite any existing tables found in the database while writing. If False, will throw an error when an existing table is found. Has no effect if con is not passed. Must be True when using lazy_execution.	False
lazy_execution	bool	If True, only re-executes nodes when changes are detected in either the node definition or execution environment. Defaults to False. Requires con to be provided.	False
n_threads	int	Max number of Node's to execute simultaneously when this node has multiple children.	1

Returns:

Name	Type	Description
Table	Table	The resulting table for this node. Also accessible through self.table after calling self.execute().

Raises:

Type	Description
ValueError	If lazy_execution=True but overwrite=False or con=None.

Source code in phenex/node.py

def execute(
    self,
    tables: Dict[str, Table] = None,
    con: Optional[object] = None,
    overwrite: bool = False,
    lazy_execution: bool = False,
    n_threads: int = 1,
) -> Table:
    """
    Executes the Node computation for the current node and its dependencies.

    Lazy Execution:
        When lazy_execution=True, nodes are only recomputed if changes are detected. The system tracks:
        1. Node definition changes: Detected by hashing the node's parameters (from to_dict()) and class name
        2. Execution environment changes: Detected by tracking source/destination database configurations

        A node will be rerun if either:
        - The node's defining parameters have changed (different hash than last execution)
        - The database connector's source or destination databases have changed
        - The node has never been executed before

        If no changes are detected, the node uses its cached result from the database instead of recomputing.

        Requirements for lazy execution:
        - A database connector (con) must be provided to store and retrieve cached results
        - overwrite=True must be set to allow updating existing cached tables

        State tracking is maintained in a local DuckDB database (__PHENEX_META__NODE_STATES table) that stores:
        - Node hashes, parameters, and execution metadata
        - Database connector configuration used during execution
        - Execution timing information

    Parameters:
        tables: A dictionary mapping domains to Table objects.
        con: Connection to database for materializing outputs. If provided, outputs from the node and all children nodes will be materialized (written) to the database using the connector. Required for lazy_execution.
        overwrite: If True, will overwrite any existing tables found in the database while writing. If False, will throw an error when an existing table is found. Has no effect if con is not passed. Must be True when using lazy_execution.
        lazy_execution: If True, only re-executes nodes when changes are detected in either the node definition or execution environment. Defaults to False. Requires con to be provided.
        n_threads: Max number of Node's to execute simultaneously when this node has multiple children.

    Returns:
        Table: The resulting table for this node. Also accessible through self.table after calling self.execute().

    Raises:
        ValueError: If lazy_execution=True but overwrite=False or con=None.
    """
    # Handle None tables
    if tables is None:
        tables = {}

    # Build dependency graph for all dependencies
    all_deps = self.dependencies
    nodes = {node.name: node for node in all_deps}
    nodes[self.name] = self  # Add self to the nodes

    # Build dependency and reverse graphs
    dependency_graph = self._build_dependency_graph(nodes)
    reverse_graph = self._build_reverse_graph(dependency_graph)

    # Track completion status and results
    completed = set()
    completion_lock = threading.Lock()
    worker_exceptions = []  # Track exceptions from worker threads
    stop_all_workers = (
        threading.Event()
    )  # Signal to stop all workers on first error

    # Track in-degree for scheduling
    in_degree = {}
    for node_name, dependencies in dependency_graph.items():
        in_degree[node_name] = len(dependencies)
    for node_name in nodes:
        if node_name not in in_degree:
            in_degree[node_name] = 0

    # Queue for nodes ready to execute
    ready_queue = queue.Queue()

    # Add nodes with no dependencies to ready queue
    for node_name, degree in in_degree.items():
        if degree == 0:
            ready_queue.put(node_name)

    def worker():
        """Worker function for thread pool"""
        while not stop_all_workers.is_set():
            try:
                node_name = ready_queue.get(timeout=1)
                # timeout forces to wait 1 second to avoid busy waiting
                if node_name is None:  # Sentinel value to stop worker
                    break
            except queue.Empty:
                continue

            try:
                logger.info(
                    f"Thread {threading.current_thread().name}: executing node '{node_name}'"
                )
                node = nodes[node_name]

                # Execute the node (without recursive child execution since we handle dependencies here)
                if lazy_execution:
                    if not overwrite:
                        raise ValueError(
                            "lazy_execution only works with overwrite=True."
                        )
                    if con is None:
                        raise ValueError(
                            "A DatabaseConnector is required for lazy execution."
                        )

                    if Node._node_manager.should_rerun(node, con):
                        # Time the execution
                        node.lastexecution_start_time = datetime.now()
                        table = node._execute(tables)

                        if (
                            table is not None
                        ):  # Only create table if _execute returns something
                            con.create_table(table, node_name, overwrite=overwrite)
                            table = con.get_dest_table(node_name)

                        node.lastexecution_end_time = datetime.now()
                        node.lastexecution_duration = (
                            node.lastexecution_end_time
                            - node.lastexecution_start_time
                        ).total_seconds()

                        Node._node_manager.update_run_params(node, con)
                    else:
                        table = con.get_dest_table(node_name)
                else:
                    # Time the execution
                    node.lastexecution_start_time = datetime.now()
                    table = node._execute(tables)

                    if (
                        con and table is not None
                    ):  # Only create table if _execute returns something
                        con.create_table(table, node_name, overwrite=overwrite)
                        table = con.get_dest_table(node_name)

                    node.lastexecution_end_time = datetime.now()
                    node.lastexecution_duration = (
                        node.lastexecution_end_time - node.lastexecution_start_time
                    ).total_seconds()

                node.table = table

                with completion_lock:
                    completed.add(node_name)

                    # Update in-degree for dependent nodes and add ready ones to queue
                    for dependent in reverse_graph.get(node_name, set()):
                        in_degree[dependent] -= 1
                        if in_degree[dependent] == 0:
                            # Check if all dependencies are completed
                            deps_completed = all(
                                dep in completed
                                for dep in dependency_graph.get(dependent, set())
                            )
                            if deps_completed:
                                ready_queue.put(dependent)

                # Log completion with timing info
                if node.lastexecution_duration is not None:
                    logger.info(
                        f"Thread {threading.current_thread().name}: completed node '{node_name}' "
                        f"in {node.lastexecution_duration:.3f} seconds"
                    )
                else:
                    logger.info(
                        f"Thread {threading.current_thread().name}: completed node '{node_name}' (cached)"
                    )

            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f"Error executing node '{node_name}': {str(e)}")
                with completion_lock:
                    # Store exception for main thread
                    worker_exceptions.append(e)
                    # Signal all workers to stop immediately and exit worker loop
                    stop_all_workers.set()
                    break
            finally:
                ready_queue.task_done()

    # Start worker threads
    threads = []
    for i in range(min(n_threads, len(nodes))):
        thread = threading.Thread(target=worker, name=f"PhenexWorker-{i}")
        thread.daemon = True
        thread.start()
        threads.append(thread)

    # Wait for all nodes to complete or for an error to occur
    while (
        len(completed) < len(nodes)
        and not worker_exceptions
        and not stop_all_workers.is_set()
    ):
        threading.Event().wait(0.1)  # Small delay to prevent busy waiting

    if not stop_all_workers.is_set():
        # Time to stop workers and cleanup
        stop_all_workers.set()

    # Check if any worker thread had an exception
    if worker_exceptions:
        # Signal workers to stop
        for _ in threads:
            ready_queue.put(None)
        # Wait for threads to finish
        for thread in threads:
            thread.join(timeout=1)
        # Re-raise the first exception
        raise worker_exceptions[0]

    # Signal workers to stop and wait for them
    for _ in threads:
        ready_queue.put(None)  # Sentinel value to stop workers

    for thread in threads:
        thread.join(timeout=1)

    logger.info(
        f"Node '{self.name}': completed multithreaded execution of {len(nodes)} nodes"
    )
    return self.table

to_dict()

Return a dictionary representation of the Node. The dictionary must contain all dependencies of the Node such that if anything in self.to_dict() changes, the Node must be recomputed.

Source code in phenex/node.py

def to_dict(self):
    """
    Return a dictionary representation of the Node. The dictionary must contain all dependencies of the Node such that if anything in self.to_dict() changes, the Node must be recomputed.
    """
    return to_dict(self)

visualize_dependencies()

Create a text visualization of the dependency graph for this node and its dependencies.

Returns:

Name	Type	Description
str	str	A text representation of the dependency graph

Source code in phenex/node.py

def visualize_dependencies(self) -> str:
    """
    Create a text visualization of the dependency graph for this node and its dependencies.

    Returns:
        str: A text representation of the dependency graph
    """
    lines = [f"Dependencies for Node '{self.name}':"]

    # Get all dependencies
    all_deps = self.dependencies
    nodes = {node.name: node for node in all_deps}
    nodes[self.name] = self  # Add self to the nodes

    # Build dependency graph
    dependency_graph = self._build_dependency_graph(nodes)

    for node_name in sorted(nodes.keys()):
        dependencies = dependency_graph.get(node_name, set())
        if dependencies:
            deps_str = ", ".join(sorted(dependencies))
            lines.append(f"  {node_name} depends on: {deps_str}")
        else:
            lines.append(f"  {node_name} (no dependencies)")

    return "\n".join(lines)